The character we are dealing with today is one of those who affected history with his lights glimmering in the sky of earth planet, from behind the Atlantic Ocean, from above El- Andalus Mountains; namely from Spain. Lights shine, gather and draw a beautiful image for a noble Arabic character who left our world 6 centuries ago, yet his lights are still glimmering catching eyes and minds. It is the image of the scientist and the thinker Ibn Khaldoun.
Celebrating Ibn Khaldoun and knowing about his life are considered unique phenomena that should be contemplated. The man managed to make his anniversary a starting point for human and intellectual dimensions, which exceed time and place. At this point a question persists: who is Ibn Khaldoun? He is Abu Yazeed Waly El Din Abd El Rahman Ibn Mohammed, known as Ibn Khaldoun. He was born in Tunisia in 732 A.H./ 1332 A.D. He received his education by his father and a number of the scientists in Morocco and Andalusia. Moreover, he studied the sciences of Holy Quraan, philosophy, logic, linguistic and legitimate sciences. He lived in Tunisia then went to Morocco where he held some positions, as he was appointed by Sultan Abu- Salem as his secrets writer. Afterwards, the Sultan inaugurated him the judiciary, and when Sultan Abu- Salem left his position, Ibn Khaldoun traveled to Ghornatah in Andalusia in 1362 A.D. as he had an old acquaintance with its Sultan and Minister. When specially authorized by the Sultan, Ibn Khaldoun sought reconciliation between him and the king of Qeshtala as Ibn Khaldoun was known for his predominant mind, strong evidence and great wisdom in dealing with everything. Yet, bad people, who always spoil good deeds, managed to corrupt the relationship between him and the Sultan. As a result Ibn Khaldoun left Andalusia to Morocco, but he returned there again after some years. Still, princes there feared him, so they conspired to get him to Morocco again in 1374 A.D. In 1382 A.D. Ibn Khaldoun traveled to Egypt and was greatly welcomed by Sultan Barquok who appointed him as a judge and gave him the title of "Waly El Din". Hence, Ibn Khaldoun did his best to reform and maintain equality, accuracy and honesty in work away from partiality. Accordingly, he received the appropriate appreciation he deserved from the residents and scientists of Cairo and many students sought him asking for knowledge and sciences. El Azhar was a school for Ibn Khaldoun in which students learned and got educated. Many scientists benefited from him such as Taki El Din El Makrizi and Ibn Hagar El Askalany. Ibn Khaldoun lived in Egypt till he passed away in Ramadan 808 A.H., March 1406 A.D.
Ibn Khaldoun had a great unprecedented idea that was establishing "the science of sociology". Here arises a very important question: how did Ibn Khaldoun manage to reach this science? Ibn Khaldoun was a scrupulous researcher and an analyzing scientist, who contemplates phenomena around him, works on reporting them, analyzing them, categorizing them and finding out the real reasons of them. Eventually he managed to reach conclusions and results from which he set a special course. He sought assistance and clarification from historical books written by his antecedents such as Ibn Esshak, El Tabary and El Masoudy. He found such books full of mistakes, hence he kept on searching for the reasons that led those historians to make these mistakes. Some of these mistakes were related to partiality to doctrines, ambiguity of information, and imagination of the truth. However, there is another important reason that is "ignorance about features of social matters"; in other words inability to understand the nature of any social phenomena from all dimensions. What we understand out of all this is that the main reason for historians' mistakes was their ignorance about the nature and rules of social systems. Accordingly, it is necessary to specify fields of science to study sociology in order to help any historian understand it before he starts working.
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